Strong Bones and Children
Vitamin D and Calcium are important for bone growth and to prevent Rickets. New recommendations for Vitamin D are based on new clinical trials and support a role in preventing Diabetes and Cancer. Of the two of these calcium is found in abundant sources. (See below for examples). Vitamin D is more difficult to find, so we do recommend that children TAKE a supplement. See the products below – along with the links posted.
What are the current recommendations for Vitamin D?
1. Breastfed infants and partially breastfed infants should be supplemented with 400 IU/day of Vitamin D until your infant is weaned to at least 28 ounces of vitamin fortified formula. When switching to milk at 12 months of age. Whole milk should be used until age 2 unless overweight is a concern or in those with a family history of obesity, high cholesterol or early heart disease before the age of 55.
2. All nonbreastfed infants and older children who are ingesting < 30 ounces of formula or milk per day, should receive 400 IU per day of vitamin D. Other dietary sources of vitamin D, such as fortified foods, may be included in the daily intake of each child.
3. Adolescents who do not obtain 400 IU of vitamin D per day through vitamin D milk (100 IU per 8 ounces) and vitamin D fortified foods (such as cereal and eggs) should receive a vitamin D supplement of 400 IU per day.
Here are some of the choices to supplement Vitamin D:
- Enfamil D Vi Sol - vitamins – contains vitamin D. Contains 50 doses. 1 ml contains 400 IU of vitamin D
- Bio-D Mulsion – 1 drop contains 400 IU of vitamin D. Contains 750 doses. Just be careful using, there is a risk of incorrect dosing since this is very concentrated. It is also inexpensive
- Just D – Sunlight Vitamins Inc. Contains 50 doses. Contains only vitamin D with no additives. www.sunlightvitamins.com
- Enfamil Tri Vi Sol vitamins – contains vitamins A, D, and C. Contains 50 doses. 1 ml contains 400 IU of vitamin D
What are the current recommendations for calcium?
How much calcium your body needs varies according to age. You need the most calcium between 9 and 18 years of age.
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends the following daily intake of calcium:
| Age | Calcium Need (mg per day) | Servings of Milk to Meet Need |
| 4–8 years | 800 | 3 servings |
| 9–18 years | 1,300 | 4 servings |
| 9–50 years | 1,000 | 3–4 servings |
How to get calcium
The best way to get the calcium that you need is by eating and drinking foods that naturally contain calcium. Many foods contain some calcium, but the best sources include the following:
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Low-fat milk, yogurt, and other milk products are generally super sources of calcium.
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Flavored milks, such as chocolate or strawberry, have as much calcium as plain milk but may have more calories.
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Dark green, leafy vegetables such as kale and turnip greens are low in calories and high in calcium. However, spinach is not a good source of calcium.
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Broccoli, tofu, chickpeas, lentils, split peas, and canned salmon and sardines (and other fish with bones) also are good sources of calcium.
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Calcium-fortified juices and cereals can help boost the calcium in your diet, but limit yourself to 8 to 12 ounces (1½ cups) of juice a day.
What decreases calcium
The following can hurt your bone health:
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Drinking a lot of soda (pop or soft drinks)—Studies show that this may make you more prone to bone fractures. This may be because sodas often take the place of milk or other calcium-rich drinks. Cola-type sodas also contain phosphorus, which may interfere with how your body handles calcium.
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Certain diets—Some diets may not provide enough calcium, such as a vegetarian diet that excludes dairy products. Before you start any diet, check with your pediatrician to make sure it includes enough calcium.
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Caffeine, alcohol, and tobacco—All of these can cause you to lose calcium from your bones.
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Certain medicines and diseases—Some medicines and kidney and intestinal diseases can cause you to lose calcium from your bones. Ask your pediatrician if any of the medicine you are taking affects your bones and what you can do to protect them.
How to get more calcium
There are many ways to get more calcium, such as
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Choose milk or smoothies instead of soda at restaurants or school cafeterias.
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Boost the calcium in salads with beans (such as garbanzo or kidney), cheese, broccoli, almonds, or tofu.
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Choose yogurt as a light meal or snack.
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Create special drinks with milk. Add flavorings. Make shakes or smoothies.
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Use low-fat yogurt on its own or with fresh fruit. Add it to pancakes or waffles, shakes, salad dressings, dips, and sauces.
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Try calcium-rich foods that may be new to you and your family.
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Try calcium-fortified juice and calcium-fortified waffles or cereal for breakfast.
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When possible, choose sources of calcium that are either low in fat or have no fat at all.
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Or make trade-offs in your food choices. For example, if you go for a thick, chocolate milk shake, skip the French fries. (Removing fat from a food does not take away calcium.)
If you make the right choices, the foods you eat or the things you drink can provide the calcium you need.
Calcium Content of Foods:
| Food | Amount | Calcium (mg) |
| Milk (skim, low fat, whole) | 1 cup | 300 |
| Buttermilk | 1 cup | 300 |
| Cottage Cheese | .5 cup | 65 |
| Ice Cream or Ice Milk | .5 cup | 100 |
| Sour Cream, cultured | 1 cup | 250 |
| Soy Milk, calcium fortified | 1 cup | 200 to 400 |
| Yogurt | 1 cup | 450 |
| Yogurt drink | 12 oz | 300 |
| Carnation Instant Breakfast | 1 packet | 250 |
| Hot Cocoa, calcium fortified | 1 packet | 320 |
| Nonfat dry milk powder | 5 Tbsp | 300 |
| Brie Cheese | 1 oz | 50 |
| Hard Cheese (cheddar, jack) | 1 oz | 200 |
| Mozzarella | 1 oz | 200 |
| Parmesan Cheese | 1 Tbsp | 70 |
| Swiss or Gruyere | 1 oz | 270 |
Vegetables
| Acorn squash, cooked | 1 cup | 90 |
| Arugula, raw | 1 cup | 125 |
| Bok Choy, raw | 1 cup | 40 |
| Broccoli, cooked | 1 cup | 180 |
| Chard or Okra, cooked | 1 cup | 100 |
| Chicory (curly endive), raw | 1 cup | 40 |
| Collard greens | 1 cup | 50 |
| Corn, brine packed | 1 cup | 10 |
| Dandelion greens, raw | 1 cup | 80 |
| Kale, raw | 1 cup | 55 |
| Kelp or Kombe | 1 cup | 60 |
| Mustard greens | 1 cup | 40 |
| Spinach, cooked | 1 cup | 240 |
| Turnip greens, raw | 1 cup | 80 |
Fruits
| Figs, dried, uncooked | 1 cup | 300 |
| Kiwi, raw | 1 cup | 50 |
| Orange juice, calcium fortified | 8 oz | 300 |
| Orange juice, from concentrate | 1 cup | 20 |
Legumes
| Garbanzo Beans, cooked | 1 cup | 80 |
| Legumes, general, cooked | .5 cup | 15 to 50 |
| Pinto Beans, cooked | 1 cup | 75 |
| Soybeans, boiled | .5 cup | 100 |
| Temphe | .5 cup | 75 |
| Tofu, firm, calcium set | 4 oz | 250 to 750 |
| Tofu, soft regular | 4 oz | 120 to 390 |
| White Beans, cooked | .5 cup | 70 |
Grains
| Cereals (calcium fortified) | .5 to 1 cup | 250 to 1000 |
| Amaranth, cooked | .5 cup | 135 |
| Bread, calcium fortified | 1 slice | 150 to 200 |
| Brown rice, long grain, raw | 1 cup | 50 |
| Oatmeal, instant | 1 package | 100 to 150 |
| Tortillas, corn | 2 | 85 |
Nuts and Seeds
| Almonds, toasted unblanched | 1 oz | 80 |
| Sesame seeds, whole roasted | 1 oz | 280 |
| Sesame tahini | 1 oz (2 Tbsp) | 130 |
| Sunflower seeds, dried | 1 oz | 50 |
Fish
| Mackerel, canned | 3 oz | 250 |
| Salmon, canned, with bones | 3 oz | 170 to 210 |
| Sardines | 3 oz | 370 |
Other
| Molasses, blackstrap | 1 Tbsp | 135 |
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